Bay Area Backbone

The goal of the Bay Area Backbone Project is to provide a fast, IP microwave based networking between amateur high sites in the Bay Area. The backbone provides IP connectivity within the network and can provide public IPv4 address for full Internet connectivity.

The network is available to any amateur operator needing connectivity to, from or between supported sites.

We provide an Internet as last resort for many locations.

Management

• Map
• Monitor
• Configuration Summary (Google Sheet)
• Management
  • Username: mesh Password: aredn-back-bone
• Logging
  • Username: guest Password: guest-user

Sites

• Black Mountain (Site 4) - Palo Alto
• Carpenter Hill - Folsom
• CCCC - Richmond
• Fire Station 8 - Palo Alto
• Fish Ranch - Oakland/Orinda
• Hurricane Electric FMT2 - Fremont
• Mount Allison - Fremont
• Mount Vaca East - Vacaville
• ORCA - Oakland/Orinda
• Berkeley - Berkeley
• Palo Alto PSB (pending)
• San Bruno Mountain (Building 4) - Brisbane
• San Bruno Mountain (Building 7) - Brisbane
• San Pedro - San Rafael
• Sunol Ridge - Sunol
• Wolfback - Sausalito

Want to become part of the network? We'll provide everything you need to get connected.

ARIN

American Registry for Internet Numbers

Organizations

• BAM-80

Points of Contact

• TECH1410-ARIN - Tech
• WILKI322-ARIN - General

Networks

• NET-206-197-44-0-1 - 206.197.44.0/24
• NET-44-0-0-0-1 - 44.31.228.0/24
• NET-44-0-0-0-1 - 44.32.112.0/20
• NET6-2620-B8-A000-1 - 2620:B8:A000::/48

Autonomous System Numbers

• AS32681

ARDC

The 44.31.228.0/24 and 44.32.112.0/20 subnet allocations are kindly provided by the ARDC.

• Letter of Authorization - 44.31.228.0
• Letter of Authorization - 44.32.112.0

FCC

Federal Communications Commision

• FRN: 0031037245

Experimental Licenses

A number of the backbone links operate with experimental 6GHz licenses in the U-NII-5 band.

https://apps.fcc.gov/els

• Fish Ranch to San Bruno Mtn 7 & San Bruno Mtn 4 - WN2XRO
• San Bruno Mtn 7 to San Carlos, Swallow, Fire Station 8 & Black Mountain - WN2XUD
• Wolfback to ORCA, Oxford, CCCC - WN2XTR
• San Carlos to Sunol Ridge - WO2XAS
• San Pedro to San Bruno Mtn 4, Big Rock, Sugar Loaf & Mt Vaca West

Network Structure

Radios

A minimal backbone endpoint consists of two radios providing a point-to-point link between two sites. Ideally a site provides at least two links so the network can be extended from that point. In some places we use point-to-multipoint radios to provide additional shared links from a single site. We currently deploy the following:

• Ubiquiti airFiber 5XHD
• Ubiquiti Rocket LTU
• Ubiquiti airFiber 60XR
• Mimosa B11

Routers

Any router capable of supporting OSPF can be used to support the radios. We currently deploy the following:

• Ubiquiti EdgeRouterX
• Ubiquiti EdgeRouterX SFP
• Ubiquiti EdgePoint R8
• Mikrotik CRS112-8P-4S
• Mikrotik RB5009UG+S+IN

Software

The backbone network runs OSPF

Hardware

More details description of typical site hardware.

Services

A typical backbone node provide the following services:

• Private IPv4 address: A subnet of 100.100.X.X/24 is assigned to the router. Addresses from this range can be automatically or statically allocated to devices connected to the router. All addresses can be routed to the Internet (but not from the Internet). The subnet is allocated to VLAN 1100 internally. A router may choose to restrict this using a firewall.
• Public IPv4 address: Specific public IP address from the subnet 206.197.44.0/24 or 44.31.228.0/24 can be allocated to specific routers and/or ports. Traffic to these addresses can be routed to and from the Internet. Addresses are managed using policy based routing. No traffic is routed into the network for an address which is not allocated.
• Public IPv6 address: A subnet of 2620:B8:A000::/64 is assigned to the router. Addresses are allocated to a device using SLAAC. Traffic to these addresses can be routed to and from the Internet. A router may choose to restrict this using a firewall or choose to not participate in IPv6 routing at all.
• AREDN 44-net: A subnet of 44.32.112.0/20 is allocated to AREDN devices and peered to other 44-net address (including non-AREDN 44-net addresses) at Hurricane Electric.

Links

Active

• Berkeley
  • Wolfback
  • Hurricane Electric [via Internet]
  • Vultr [via Starlink]
• Black Mountain (Site 4)
  • San Bruno Mountain (Building 7)
  • San Bruno Mountain (Building 7) [via WB6ECE]
• Carpenter Hill
  • Mt Vaca East
• CCCC
  • Mount Diablo
  • Richmond Field Station
  • Wolfback
• Fire Station 8
  • San Bruno Mountain (Building 7)
• Fish Ranch
  • ORCA
  • San Bruno Mountain (Building 7)
  • San Bruno Mountain (Building 4)
• Hurricane Electric
  • Berkeley [via Internet]
  • Mount Allison
• Mount Allison
  • Hurricane Electric
  • Sunol Ridge
  • San Bruno Mountain (Building 7) [via WB6ECE]
• Mount Diablo
  • CCCC
• ORCA
  • Fish Ranch
  • Wolfback
• Richmond Field Station
  • CCCC
• Mt Vaca East
  • Carpenter Hill
• San Bruno Mountain (Building 4)
  • Fish Ranch
  • San Pedro
• San Bruno Mountain (Building 7)
  • Black Mountain (Site 4)
  • Black Mountain (Site 4) [via WB6ECE]
  • Fire Station 8
  • Fish Ranch
  • Mount Allison [via WB6ECE]
  • San Carlos
  • Swallow
• San Carlos
  • San Bruno Mountain (Building 7)
  • Sunol Ridge
• San Pedro
  • San Bruno Mountain (Building 4)
• Sunol Ridge
  • San Carlos
  • Mount Allison
• Swallow
  • San Bruno Mountain (Building 7)
• Wolfback
  • CCCC
  • ORCA
  • Berkeley

Planned

None

Proposed

• FS8
  • Palo Alto PSB
• Twitchell Tower
  • Mt Vaca East
• Mt Diablo
  • Twitchell Tower
  • ORCA
• San Pedro
  • Mt Vaca West
  • CCCC
  • Sugar Loaf
  • Big Rock
• Oxford
  • San Pedro
• ORCA
  • Alameda Coast Guard
• Alameda Coast Guard
  • Chabot Space Science Center
  • Diablo Drive
• Black Mountain
  • Eagle Rock
• Wolfback
  • Chabot Space Science Center
• Kregor Peak
  • Mt Vaca East

IP Transit and Internet Exchanges

We provide two transit points between our backbone network and the more general Internet. The primary transit point is at Hurricane Electric in Fremont where the backbone connects via microwave radio on the datacenter's roof. The secondary transit point is at Vultr in New Jersey, and the connection is from the Berkeley site via battery backed-up Starlink. The backup transit point is only used if the primary is offline due to a local internet failure (which at Hurricane would be a major event). The Starlink will remain connected by avoiding any local infrastructure failures, and the remote data center will be similarly unaffected.

Primary: Hurricane Electric

The backbone network's IP Transit is provided by Hurricane Electric at the Fremont 2 location.

Internet Exchanges

Detailed peering information can be found on PeeringDB or bgp.tools.

Our peering policy is here.

ARIX

ARIX is an internet exchange point for licensed amateur radio operators for the use of networking research, development, and education.

• PeeringDB
• Authorization
• BAM IPv4: 44.190.42.20/24
• BAM IPv6: 2602:801:30ff::20/64
• ARIX IPv4: 44.190.42.253 & 44.190.42.254
• ARIX IPv6: 2602:801:30ff::253 & 2602:801:30ff::254

FCIX

FCIX is the Fremont Cabal Internet Exchange.

• PeeringDB
• Authorization
• BAM IPv4: 206.80.238.172/24
• BAM IPv6: 2001:504:91::172/64
• FCIX IPv4: 206.80.238.253 & 206.80.238.254
• FCIX IPv6: 2001:504:91::253 & 2001:504:91::254

FREMIX

FREMIX is the Fremont Internet Exchange.

• PeeringDB
• Authorization
• BAM IPv4: 149.112.29.67/24
• BAM IPv6: 2001:504:125:e0::67/64
• FREMIX IPv4: 149.112.29.1 & 149.112.29.2
• FREMIX IPv6: 2001:504:125:e0::1 & 2001:504:125:e0::2

Peers

We directly peer with additional networks via FREMIX:

• Subconscious - AS12007

Backup: Vultr BGP

Vultr provides our backup border gateway and is virtually hosted in New Jersey.

Connectivity

For redundancy, connectivity to Vultr is over Starlink from the Berkeley site, which provide both physical and network redundancy with our primary site.

History

The first backbone link, between Fish Ranch and San Bruno Mountain, was installed on the 23rd November, 2021 and became operational on 3rd September, 2022. The goal was to provide a solid connection across the Bay which the AREDN network could use. It had been observed by the AREDN network builders in Southern California, that a better quality and more stable network could be constructed by creating a solid, well engineered backbone, to which local community AREDN networks could connect.

Projects

Bay Area Mesh on the Backbone

Using the Bay Area Backbone to support the Bay Area Mesh has a number of advantages for the Mesh:

• It easier to connect high sites to other high sites, especially when we're trying to connect different neighborhoods while avoiding mountain ridges.
• High sites are often backed up with generator power. We provide battery backup ourselves, but that will only last so long.
• High sites will be there when the Ham moves on. Because these are generally commercial sites with long histories of ham involvement, we are not a the whims of someones current housing situation or - in some cases - employment situation.
• It's often easier for a neighborhood to connect up to a high site (or more than one) as they're less obstructed.

Status

The current health of the backbone is monitored here (internet)

Hardware

The mesh operates on the Backbone by creating point-to-point connections between mesh sites (these are called xlinks - see below). Mikrotik hAP ac2 nodes provide the the mesh endpoint hardware. The traffic is routed between the specified IP addresses of the xlink. The underlying network may encapsulate this traffic if desired. We often use VLANs.

XLINKS

XLINKS are custom connections between sites which feed directly into the AREDN router. Think of them as DtD links, but only point-to-point. By default we use VLANs 1100, 1101, 1102, etc. for all XLINKs.

Backbone links appear in the mesh labeled as xlink but are no different from any other link in the network from AREDN's perspective.

WB6ECE Repeater Group Interconnect

WB6ECE Repeater Group operates a network on about a dozen sites south of the Bay Area. The interconnect project aims to share networks to provide greater redundancy and reduce duplicated effort.

The ultimate goal of the Interconnect project is to provide a BGP connection between the two. For the moment the networks are interconnected by each providing the other with IP addresses on their respective networks.

Interconnect Points

San Bruno Mountain (Building 7)

Routers at San Bruno Mountain are connected via a 1 Gbps link.

Forward Link

• BAB IP: 44.31.128.190
• WB6ECE IP: 44.31.128.189
• Subnet: 44.31.128.188/30
• Routes: 44.31.128.0/22

Reverse Link

• WB6ECE IP: 206.197.44.37
• Subnet: 206.197.44.0/24
• Routes: 206.197.44.1/24

Black Mountain (Site 4)

Router at Black Mountain is connected to Site 5 via a 60 GHz link.

Forward Link

• BAB IP: 44.31.128.222
• WB6ECE IP: 44.31.128.221
• Subnet: 44.31.128.220/30
• Routes: 44.31.128.0/22

Reverse Link

• WB6ECE IP: 206.197.44.38
• Subnet: 206.197.44.0/24
• Routes: 206.197.44.1/24

Mount Allison

Forward Link

• BAB IP: 44.31.130.114
• WB6ECE IP: 44.31.130.113
• Subnet: 44.31.130.112/29
• Routes: -

Reverse Link

None

Interconnect Links

• San Bruno Mountain (Building 7) to Mount Allison
  • BAM: a EoIP connection between these two sites provides a backup link for our backbone. The backup is managed using OSPF.
• San Bruno Mountain (Building 7) to Black Mountain (Site 4)
  • BAM: No current link.
  • WB6ECE: an IP-over-IP provides them with a similar service. The backup is managed using OSPF.

Contacts

• Tim Wilkinson - KN6PLV - tim@bayareamesh.us